PIC16F87-E/ML【PDF 4/200 页】IC MCU FLASH 4KX14 EEPROM 28QFN

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101

8008H–AVR–04/11

ATtiny48/88

The timing diagram for the CTC mode is shown in Figure 12-6. The counter value (TCNT1)

increases until a compare match occurs with either OCR1A or ICR1, and then counter (TCNT1)

is cleared.

Figure 12-6. CTC Mode, Timing Diagram

An interrupt can be generated at each time the counter value reaches the TOP value by either

using the OCF1A or ICF1 Flag according to the register used to define the TOP value. If the

interrupt is enabled, the interrupt handler routine can be used for updating the TOP value. How-

ever, changing the TOP to a value close to BOTTOM when the counter is running with none or a

low prescaler value must be done with care since the CTC mode does not have the double buff-

ering feature. If the new value written to OCR1A or ICR1 is lower than the current value of

TCNT1, the counter will miss the compare match. The counter will then have to count to its max-

imum value (0xFFFF) and wrap around starting at 0x0000 before the compare match can occur.

In many cases this feature is not desirable. An alternative will then be to use the fast PWM mode

using OCR1A for defining TOP (WGM1[3:0] = 15) since the OCR1A then will be double buffered.

For generating a waveform output in CTC mode, the OC1A output can be set to toggle its logical

level on each compare match by setting the Compare Output mode bits to toggle mode

(COM1A[1:0] = 1). The OC1A value will not be visible on the port pin unless the data direction

for the pin is set to output (DDR_OC1A = 1). The waveform generated will have a maximum fre-

quency of f

OC1A = fclk_I/O/2 when OCR1A is set to zero (0x0000). The waveform frequency is

defined by the following equation:

The N variable represents the prescaler factor (1, 8, 64, 256, or 1024).

As for the Normal mode of operation, the TOV1 Flag is set in the same timer clock cycle that the

counter counts from MAX to 0x0000.

12.9.3

Fast PWM Mode

The fast Pulse Width Modulation or fast PWM mode (WGM1[3:0] = 5, 6, 7, 14, or 15) provides a

high frequency PWM waveform generation option. The fast PWM differs from the other PWM

options by its single-slope operation. The counter counts from BOTTOM to TOP then restarts

from BOTTOM. In non-inverting Compare Output mode, the Output Compare (OC1x) is set on

the compare match between TCNT1 and OCR1x, and cleared at TOP. In inverting Compare

Output mode output is cleared on compare match and set at TOP. Due to the single-slope oper-

TCNTn

OCnA

(Toggle)

OCnA Interrupt Flag Set

or ICFn Interrupt Flag Set

(Interrupt on TOP)

Period

(COMnA[1:0] = 1)

fOCnA

clk_I/O

OCRnA

()

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